Ruby is one of precious gemstones, which is pinkish red or blood-red in color and a variety of the mineral corundum, aluminium oxide. The name Ruby comes from Latin word Ruber, which means Red. The color red is due to the element chromium. They are one of the cardinal gems used in traditional jewelery making. Rubies have a hardness of 9 on the Mohs’ scale, making them hard gemstones. In fact, they only fall behind the diamond, which scores a perfect 10.

Ruby Color

The quality of ruby, just like diamonds is determined by its color, carat, clarity & cut. The hue, saturation & tone are important factors to determine ruby color. Ruby with red hue is considered to be ideal. There can be other hues of purple or orange, which are not considered ideal. Saturation refers to the extent to which the hue is masked by brown or gray, and also gives ruby its color purity. The color saturation categories include vivid, strong, fair, medium, and weak. The highest quality rubies always have vivid color saturation. Tone refers to how much color is in a ruby gemstone. Its ranges include very dark, dark, medium, light, very light. A medium tone is ideal for rubies. In short, the most valuable or expensive rubies have a blood red or pigeon blood color.

Ruby Clarity

The clarity grading is quiet similar to diamonds. Rubies with VVS1 and VS1 are considered to be of highest qualities after IF, which is quiet rare. Inclusions refer to the natural characteristics that are found inside the stone like crystals, needles, silk, cracks, twinning, parting and halos.

Ruby Carat

A ruby’s weight is expressed in terms of carat (Abbreviated as ct.). Rubies price increases with carat weight. Because rubies have a high specific gravity, a one-carat ruby will appear smaller than a one-carat diamond.

Ruby Cut

Cut refers to the faceting style or shape of a finished gemstone. Rubies cut are actually customized, since rubies change their color at different angles from which they are viewed. Ruby lovers usually prefer a purplish red color to an orangy red color, so rubies are generally cut so that the preferred color is visible through the crown of the stone.

Natural vs Synthetic Ruby

Natural Rubies are mined and available in nature in its natural form, which in turn takes millions of years to form. Synthetic rubies on the other hand are human made and formed in labs with the same chemical composition as that of natural rubies.

Ruby Imitators

While its clear that natural rubies occur in nature, while synthetic are lab-made, there are other red gems that look similar to rubies but are actually not due to different chemical & physical composition. Such red gemstones are known as Ruby Imitators.

Some common examples of ruby imitators are:

• Garnet-Though garnets look good in jewellery, they are less stronger and weigh around 6.5-7.5 on Mohs scale. Also they differ from rubies in color. While rubies’ color vary between purplish red, orangish red to blood red, garnet stones have tinge of burgundy color.
• Red colored glass – These are cheap alternatives for rubies & are less vibrant and less durable.
• Ruby composite– They are combined using glass & low quality rubies, which make them look like rubies.
• Tourmaline– Tourmaline is a gemstone with dark red color made of crystal silicates and used as easy and affordable option for rubies.

Ways To Tell If Ruby Is Real

While the difference between the three ruby categories are already described above, its important to know how to check if the ruby that you are looking for is real or not. Here are few ways to authenticate a Ruby!

1. Color, Radiance and Glow: The color of real ruby is actually brilliant and have deep hue that makes these gems bright when compared to other imitation rubies.
2. Check for minor flaws: Natural rubies are not flawless. There can be very very slight inclusions that might be visible under a microscope. If you find that your ruby is flawless, then you might have a fake one! Also, note that these flaws are not visible to a naked eye, hence you need a professional to get them checked.
3. Do the Glass Comparison Test: Glass is not a hard stone. They can be easily recognized by their texture and brittleness.
4. Do the scratch test: Rubies are hard enough to get scratched easily. They weigh 9 on Mohs scale, which proves that they are strong enough. In case you see your ruby getting easily scratched by a key, chain or any similar metal, then definitely you don’t own a real ruby!
5. Do the Rub Test: Rub your stone on a glass and if you see your stone leaving color on the surface, then its could be an imitator.
6. Check for the price: Rubies are expensive gemstones. So if you happen to get something cheaper, then they could be fake ones. While synthetic rubies are 20% less priced than real, imitators are very cheap and could be almost as less as 90% of the real gemstone.
7. Ask a professional gemologist: Without a certified professional, its highly impossible to check the genuineness of the gemstone, hence you have to get it checked with a gemologist before you conclude them as real!

You may be interested in : Adorable Heart Shaped Ruby Ring Designs

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Gold plated jewelry is a great alternate to gold jewelry. Its so much true that all cannot afford gold necklace or gold bangles or gold earrings that is contemporary. With so many pretty designs and styles coming every season, you have desires to own them and flaunt your style. But , practically changing or replacing your gold jewelry so often may not be possible. But no worries! Gold plated jewelry helps you fulfill your dreams.

Gold plated jewelry is basically coating a thin film of gold on any metal. 1gram gold or fashion jewelry are gold plated jewelry. Basically copper is used in making these jewelry and later given a gold polish. Better ones are available in silver that are coated in gold. These are a great fill-in for gold jewelry. They look almost the same and you get all the styles and designs in this category.

Now that we know this is a gold coated jewel but not real gold, you cannot handle them the way you handle god jewelry. Gold is robust, never tarnish, and can be easily cleaned and it never loses its shine. These properties make them suitable anytime anywhere and expensive too! But gold plated jewels lose luster, tarnish with time and lose its shine over a long period of time. Hence it requires that you take care of your gold plated jewelry so that you can degrade the process and enjoy adoring them for long.

Tips to Extend Life of your Gold Plated Jewelry

• As it is said, jewelry is the last thing to be put and first thing to be removed – this has to be followed strictly. Do not wear your jewelry and later put perfume or any other sprays. The chemicals in the sprays may tarnish your jewel. After you are done with all sprays, you should wear gold plated jewelry.
• Even with make up, after you apply cream or lotion allow it to dry. Then wear your necklaces , bangles and other ornaments.
• Do not expose your jewelry to too much heat or moisture. Refrain from wearing gold plated jewelry while bathing, swimming, washing hands, cleaning utensils etc.
• Wear gold plated jewelry when needed and can be removed and kept aside when not required. Hang your necklaces when not in use so that you can avoid tangling and later blemishes. You can keep then aside when you go to bed as well. This can avoid friction and scratches that can possibly happen.
• Sweat can also tarnish your gold jewelry. So after use you must clean your jewelry and keep them safely. For the same reason, you can avoid wearing them before exercise, you can keep them aside before going to gym.

Tips to Clean Gold Plated Jewellery

Gold plated jewelry should be cleaned gently. You should not wipe it or rub harshly, this may tarnish the jewel and also the coating will go off. See the below methods , you can choose any of them to clean your jewelry.

• Use cotton balls to clean the dirt and dust.
• Use soft microfiber or jeweler’s cloth to clean the jewelry.
• Use warm soapy water to clean your jewel. Place them in this only for few mins till the dirt is removed. Then rinse with plain water and clean with neat soft dry cloth.
• If you like to use a toothpaste, use a mild one which does not have to much whitening agents. Then with soft bristles brush, gently clean the jewels.
• Use a soft cloth that is damped with soap water. Clean your jewel. Again moisten with plain water and clean. Once done, dry it using a neat dry soft cloth.
• Put professional jewelers cleaning liquid in lukewarm water. Place your jewel for few mins, remove and clean it with dry soft cloth.

Thus, by following the above guidelines you can take care of your gold plated jewelry so that the jewelry looks new for a long time. After every use, you have to clean them and store individually. With this, the shine lasts for long. Its just that you have to handle them gently and with care, so that it always glitters like gold, just as lovable and precious as your gold ornaments!

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You will invariably find the gold haaras not just in traditional styles but also in the latest designs. Also, you get these jewels in various sizes, lengths and make. Invariably these look magnificent on ethnic get up.

Haram styles

The Lakshmi Haram

Lakshmi harams are those ornaments that has goddess Lakshmi in the necklace mainly as pendants, sometimes woven in the chain. These are mainly part of antique temple jewelry. These are very significant additions to weddings and other auspicious occasions.

Glorious Peacock Design

The peacock design is a sought-after pattern because nothing speaks beauty like the eloquent peacock does, with its striking colours and grand plumage. The peacock is not only part of the pendant in some cases but also adorns the length of the necklace.

Kasuluperu – The Reign of Coins

These latest Kasu haram designs have coins embossed with an image that is strung together and joined to a pendant. The most auspicious embossing on a coin is Lakshmi, the Goddess of Wealth and Prosperity. There might be few other carvings like other Goddess, queens, elephants etc.

Guttapusalu Design

The Gutta Pusalu is a classic necklace design in South India , and is a piece of heritage jewellery . Pusalu means “beads” and gutta means “a shoal of small fish”. The necklace is named so because it is fringed with bunches of small pearls resembling “a shoal of small fish” (gutta). These necklace look royal because of danging bunch of pearls and beads.

Elegant Mango Design

There is nothing that matches the comfort of seeing jewellery with the most cherished Mango design. Everything from our grand sarees to our daily wear earrings, bangles, and gold bracelet designs has that characteristic mango pattern. It could be combined with rubies, emeralds, or corals or it could be pure gold, but the mango design gives us the deep, familiar comfort anytime.

Gundla Maala Haaras

Gundla Maala Haaras are beaded necklace. This is a beloved jewelry of many ladies. Since these beads are hollow, you get variety of designs in less weight and they look grand. Multi layered necklace became fashionable with the emerging gundla maala style. Layered necklace in different lengths look classy and majestic.

Ram Parivar- Design Drawn from Centuries of Devotion

If you like jewellery designs that draw inspiration from Indian epics, then there is nothing like paying obeisance to the Gods of Treta Yuga by adorning yourself with the 22 carats Heirloom Ram Parivar Haram, which is every bit beautiful as it is exclusive.

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Now, you might be interested to know how this chandbali designs evolved. You might be wondering what exactly is a “ChandBali Earring”?
Well, in simple words, “Chandbali is kind of earring that has shape of two crescent moons set within each other, studded with colorful stones and gold designs within geometric outlines.”

Origin of Chandbali Earrings

Chandbali Earrings were instigated during the Mughal or Nizam era in Hyderabad. Mughals brought a lot of Islamic influence, and the moon, in its crescent shape, is considered very auspicious in Islam. And then, it was perhaps the cultural intermingling among ruling dynasties across India that made the half-moon shapes popular in the jewellery traditions. That’s why Hyderabad is known as the region of origination of “Chandbali Earrings”. Further Hyderabadi Chandbali earrings have a special uniqueness and design which makes them royal and outstanding!

Hyderabadi Chandbali Earrings

Hyderabad is the birth place of Chandbali Earrings. The attractive factor of Hyderabadi chandbali is that, they consist of finest quality pearls (studded or hanging). Pearls were brought to India by Mughals in abundance and these were used extensively in this design. The ethnic and royal touch is the main theme of Hyderabadi chandbalis.

Chandbali designs

There are several designs available when you want to buy a Chandbali earrings. These designs are: hoop, peacock, petal, leaf, dangle, spiked, filigree, drop, stud, jhumar, multi-layered and many more. Jhumar, stud and multi-layered chandbalis are running quite popular these days and many bollywood divas are embellishing them with ethnic or indo-western outfits.

Popular Designs and styles of Chandbali Earrings

1. Chandbali with Jhumka

Many people are aware of this style but didn’t know it’s exact name. It is a simple chandbali with an extension (jhumka) at the bottom. You can find this “Jhumka-chandbali” in silver, gold and diamond too. It gives two-in-one look i.e. of little cute jhumka and a traditional chandbali. You can rock Jhumka-chandbali with an anarkali or Patiala suit.

2. Antique Chandbali

Antique and Temple jewellery designs are loved by Indians in all kinds of jewelry. And Chandbali earrings is no exception! Wide range of gorgeous designs are available in chandbali designs and are very attractive. Infact, these days this is a popular bridal choice. These earrings look great when matched with antique design necklaces and haaras

3. Uncut Chandbali

This type of Chandbali is very popular and in demand. Here, the word ‘uncut’ refers to ‘unpolished or unshaped’ diamonds. These diamonds are not polished or trimmed but are irregular and kind of ‘raw’. Thus, their value and demand is indeed high. These look very stylish and fashionable when adorned in chandbali design earrings

Types of Chandbalis based on Size

The chandbalis can be classified according to their size and length.
• Long Chandbalis– These type of chandbalis are long and can be heavy as well. These ones hang long from the earlobes and are suitable for occasional wear.
• Small Chandbalis– These chandbalis look really cute as they are small in length and are quite light weight. These can be worn in routine. You can team up these small chandbalis with jeans as well!
• Oversized Chandbalis– Oversized means larger than the actual/regular/standard size of an object. So, the oversized chandbalis are long in length, very broad and can be of various shapes. Normally these are of round or oval shape. You can flaunt your oversized chandbalis at some important family function or yourself as bride!

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Read our article on : About gold & its purity to know about Caratage/Karat(K)

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The value of a white diamond is determined by what are commonly referred to as the 4Cs. The 4Cs are the Diamond’s Cut, Colour, Clarity and Carat. Each of the 4Cs are important and the most valuable Diamonds are those that possess the best of all four measurements.

4Cs diamond buying advice

Clarity

Clarity is the term used to describe the size and number of inclusions in a diamond. Almost all diamonds contain minute traces of non-crystallised carbon, the element from which they were born. These inclusions are nature’s finger print and make every diamond quite unique. Most are not noticable to the naked eye and require magnification to become apparent.

Large inclusions interfere with the dispersion of light and therefore the diamond’s brilliance. The larger or more numerous the inclusions the less valuable the diamond. The fewer the inclusions, the rarer the stone. Each diamond will have its own unique inclusions in various positions within the diamond. VVs (Very very slight inclusions), Vs (Very slight inclusions) and Si (Slight inclusions) inclusions are not visible to the naked eye, they are only visible through magnification.

Under Microscope

VVs                    Vs             Si                    P (inclusions)

With naked eye

VVs,Vs,Si                      P(inclusions)

Colour

While many diamonds appear colourless, or white, they may actually have subtle yellow or brown tones that can be detected when comparing diamonds side by side. Diamonds were formed under intense heat and pressure, and traces of other elements may have been incorporated into their atomic structure accounting for the variances in colour.

Diamond colour grades start at D and continue through the alphabet. Truly colourless stones, graded D, are extremely rare and very valuable. The closer a diamond is to being colourless, the rarer and more valuable it is.

The colour of a diamond is graded with the diamond upside down before it is set in a mounting. The first three colours D, E, F are often called collection colour. The subtle changes in collection colour are so minute that it is difficult to identify them in the smaller sizes.

Although the presence of colour makes a diamond less rare and valuable, some diamonds come out of the ground in vivid “fancy” colours – well defined reds, blues, pinks, greens, and bright yellows. These are highly prized and extremely rare.

Carat

The weight of a diamond is measured in carats. One carat is divided into 100 “points” so that a diamond of 25 points is described as a quarter of a carat or 0.25 carats.

The larger the diamond (and therefore the rarer) the more expensive per carat it will be. For example, a 1ct diamond costs much more than two 1/2ct diamonds and one 30 point diamond costs much more than 30 one point diamonds.

The Carat measurement of a diamond is actually a measurement of the Diamond’s weight rather than its size or diameter. This is important to remember as depending upon the proportions of the Cut of the diamond, some diamonds may appear to have a larger top surface area (“table”) than an ideal cut diamond but the diamonds may be of the same carat weight. Diamonds are sometimes cut in shallow proportions (see below) to make a diamond look bigger but this sacrifices the brilliance and life of the diamond and make them less valuable. See the information about Cut below for further details.

Do not confuse carat with karat. Carat refers to stone weight while karat refers to fineness of gold.

Cut

While nature determines a diamond’s colour, clarity, and carat weight, the hand of a master craftsman is needed to release its fire and beauty. The cut gives each diamond its unique sparkle and brilliance by allowing the maximum amount of light to enter and reflect back out of the diamond.

Diamonds may be cut in different shapes with the most common shapes being round (brilliant cut) and what are referred to as fancy cut diamonds including marquise, oval, pear shape, baguette and princess (square)cuts.

Fig:Round cut    Oval, pear & marquise cuts

So why aren’t all Diamonds cut to ideal proportions?

Ideal proportion cut Largest cut

When a diamond cutter is given a diamond crystal to cut into a finished diamond he has a choice to make: Will he cut the largest diamond that he can from the rough crystal or will he cut the brightest and most brilliant diamond that he can? If he goes for the largest cut diamond he will sacrifice some brilliance. If he goes for the most brilliant he will sacrifice some size. The more brilliant diamond is smaller but is valuable because it is so brilliant. The larger diamond is valuable because it is large, but is worth less per carat because it is not so brilliant. Brighter ideal cut is recommended because of its brilliance… a brilliance that will last forever.

To find the best Diamond that fits within your price range it essentially comes down to a compromise between the 4Cs and your consideration of which factors are most important to you. You may choose a larger lower colour diamond or prefer a smaller high colour, cut and clarity diamond.

You may for example choose a relatively large 75 point (3/4 carat) diamond in a high colour F collection colour and a slightly lower Si1 clarity. This means that you have a large diamond with a very good colour and which to the naked eye does not have any inclusions. On the other hand, having a diamond that has as few inclusions as possible may be important to you (even if you need a microscope to see the inclusions), in that case you may choose a high VVs or Vs clarity, a good colour G and a smaller diamond carat weight.

Once you know how diamond grading works, it’s just a matter for you to decide what is best for you.

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1.  First of all, you should be clear whether you are buying gold for investment or for your use. If investment, go for pure 24k gold coins or invest on any good gold funds rather than jewellery.
2. If you are buying gold jewellery for yourself, then you need to have some basic knowledge about the purity of gold, making & wasting charges before buying. Else you may end up being cheated in some cases (Read our article on : Gold & its purity, Know about Hallmark, Gold buying tips on making & wastage charges)
3. Always know that you can negotiate on making & wastage charges. Gold rate for a day will be fixed and you cannot do much about it. But, wastage & making charges is dependent on design of jewellery that you are buying. Say, the more unique &  complex the design is, higher will be the cost of making & wastage. But if the design is plain & simple enough, make sure you are not demanded unnecessary charges.
4. If you are exchanging your old jewellery, make sure you get the full price of what you are selling as per the current gold rate. If your gold has hallmark in it, your gold should weigh the same as it was while purchasing & you should be getting the amount as per the current gold rate.
5. Do not go for frequent exchange of gold jewellery since you be losing out all that money that was paid as value addition charges.

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The making charges is the cost of converting raw gold into jewellery. This is usually expressed in Rupees per gram of gold. In most cases, the making charges per gram of gold vary from 25 to 35 rupees (approx. value). Compared to the price of gold today, this is a negligible number.

However, there is another scary number called the ‘wastage charges’ (‘Panikkuravu’ as Keralites call it). In the good old times, the goldsmiths used to make gold jewellery by melting gold, cutting and shaping it into tiny pieces and join them together to make great handmade gold jewellery. In this process they ‘claimed’ that certain quantity of gold go wasted though these goldsmiths are actually smart enough to collect or retrieve most of the gold without wasting any. Nowadays, the gold ornaments are made in advanced machines and nothing really go wasted. However, this tradition of calculating ‘wastage’ continues and this is expressed in terms of ‘percentage’and they charge that to the customers.

The amount charged to the customers for the ‘wastage’ caused is known

The amount charged to the customers for the ‘wastage’ caused is known as the ‘wastage charges’. It’s quite ridiculous that there’s no norm for this wastage charge component and that’s exactly where your jeweller cheats you. The wastage charges typically vary from 10% to 18% in most shops while it’s quite possible to have it as high as 20% or 24% or even as low as 8%. Unfortunately, nobody knows why certain ornaments has to have more wastage than some others as claimed by the jeweller.

Hence the actual cost burden on you while purchasing gold jewellery is:

Actual cost of gold as per the day’s rate + Wastage charges + Making Charges + VAT if any. In addition, if your jewellery has any precious stones, that cost will be added up as well.

Cost of Gold Jewellery = Making Charges + Wastage Charges + Cost of Stones, if any + VAT

For example, assume that the gold rate is at Rs.2500/- per gram for 22 Karat gold. When you buy a 10 gram gold chain with the making charges at 35 rupees per gram and wastage charges at 12%, the following will be the calculation to arrive at the final price:

(1) Cost of gold alone = 10 * 2500 = 25,000/-

(2) Making charges = 10 * 35 = 350/-

(3) Wastage charges = 12 * 25,000 / 100 = 3,000/-

The total cost before VAT = 28,350/-

If the VAT is at 1% that becomes 28,633.50/-

Recently the jewellers have started representing the Wastage Charges and Making charges together as VA or ‘Value Addition’.

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Hallmark indicates that the gold content in the jewellery has been evaluated and that the gold adheres to international standards of purity. That is to say, you can take the gold quality as claimed by the jeweller to be genuine.  When you spend a significant of amount to buy precious gold jewellery you cannot afford to rely on determining the authenticity by way touch or looks. You must remember that while purchasing the precious yellow metal, simple self-certification by the jeweller will not suffice in cases where you present the jewellery during buy-back since you may exchange your gold jewellery at another jeweller.

The hallmarking for gold carries five marks of Hallmark given by BIS. These marks are:

1.    BIS Standard Mark: It tells that the Hallmarking is done by third party assessor and bears the mark of authenticity.

2.    Purity Grade: In India the gold jewellery caratage range sold is 22 karat or 18 karat The purity is measured in three digits starting from 23 carat indicating purity to be 958 part of 1000.

3.    Assayer or Hallmarking centre’s mark: This is a mark of the third party assayer approved by the BIS while issuing the assaying authority.

4.    Year of Marking: This is a letter from the alphabet indicating year of marking decided by BIS. ‘A’ indicates it was marked in year 2001, ‘B’ for 2002 and so on.

5.    Jeweller’s Mark: This is the identification mark of the manufacturer/jeweller selling the jewellery.

All these hallmarks can be clearly found stamped on the jewellery that we purchase.

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The Different Karats of Gold

Karat is the term used to measure the gold content or purity. Before we understand the difference between 24k, 22k and 18k gold, you must know what karat stands for. Karat is basically a unit used to measure the purity of gold. The higher the karatage, the purer the gold. Here’s a simple guide to understanding the difference between 24k, 22k and 18k gold.

24K gold

24k gold is also called pure gold or 100 per cent gold. This means that all 24 parts in the gold are all pure gold without traces of any other metals. It is known to be 99.9 per cent pure and takes on a distinct bright yellow color. There is no higher form of gold than 24K and you must be aware of this before you go to a dealer who might tell you that they’re selling you 25K or 26K gold. Since this is the purest form of gold, it is naturally more expensive than 22K or 18K gold. However, this type of gold is lesser in density as compared to gold of a lower karatage which makes it soft and pliable. Hence, it is not suited for regular forms of jewellery. Coins and bars are mostly bought of 24K gold purity.

22K gold

22K gold jewellery implies that 22 parts of the jewellery amounts to gold and the balance 2 parts are some other metals. This kind of gold is commonly used in jewellery making. In 22K gold, of the 100 per cent, only 91.67 per cent is pure gold. The other 8.33 per cent comprises metals like silver, zinc, nickel and other alloys. It is this addition of metals that make the texture of gold harder thereby making the jewellery durable. However, you must know that although this can be used to make plain gold jewellery, 22K gold isn’t preferable for diamonds and heavily studded jewellery.

18K gold

18K gold is 75 per cent gold mixed with 25 per cent of other metals like copper or silver etc. Usually studded jewellery and other diamond jewellery is made in 18K gold. This kind of gold is less expensive compared to 24K and 22K. This one has a slightly dull gold colour. Recognizing 18K jewellery is rather simple – you will see the item stamped with 18K, 18Kt, 18k or a variation similar to these. At times, 18K gold is marked by 750, 0.75 or a stamp similar to these in order to symbolise that the jewellery contains 75 per cent gold.

14K gold

14 karat gold is made up of 14 parts gold and 10 parts other metals, mostly silver and copper, but there could also be zinc and nickel.

This alloy contains 58.3% gold and that’s why sometimes you can see 14K jewelry stamped with a mark such as .583 or .585. More often, a 14K piece will be marked as 14K, 14KT, 14k or a similar variation.

10K gold

10-karat  gold is an alloy made up of 10 parts gold and 14 parts other metals such as copper, zinc, silver or nickel. In percentage terms, 10K gold contains 41.7% pure gold. Jewelry that is 10K gold will usually be stamped with a mark such as 10KT, 10K, 10kt or something similar. If you see a mark reading .417, this also means that the item is 10 karats gold. 10K alloy is harder than purer gold mixtures. For that reason, a 10K ring, for example, could wear down more slowly than a 14K piece.

However, this is not always the case, as the durability of a gold alloy depends not only on its gold content but also on the type and proportions of other metals in the mix. Also, the alloy content is just one factor of durability. So it is possible for a well-made 14K piece to be more durable than a 10K one. The biggest downside of 10K gold is that the jewelry made of it is not suitable to be worn by people allergic to nickel since the presence of higher proportions of nickel.

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